Biolo1100 Chapter 2 The Chemistry of Life
  1. An atom is the smallest particle of an element  .



     
  2. Atoms can gain or lose one or more electrons and become charged ions  .

     
  3. Atoms and ions can be linked to each other by forming bonds  .
     
    • Ionic   bonds form when ions   of opposite charge are attracted to each other.

       
    • Covalent   bonds form when atoms share electrons to make a molecule  .





       
    • Hydrogen   bonds form between the partially charged ends of polar   molecules.


     
  4. The hydrogen   bonds between polar water molecules give water unique properties.







     
  5. The covalent   bonds in water sometimes dissociate to form negatively charged hydroxide   ions and positively charged hydrogen   ions.

     
  6. The concentration of hydrogen   ions in a solution determines a chemical property called pH  .