Biolo1100
Chapter 8
Mitosis
Prokaryotes reproduce by DNA
replication
followed by
binary
fission
.
Eukaryotic DNA is packaged into
chromosomes
composed of
diploid
pairs
: one chromosome on each pair is inherited from each parent.
Each
chromosome
may consist of sister
chromatids
attached by a
centromere
.
There are two type of eukaryotic cell division:
mitosis
, which occurs in
somatic
cells, and
meiosis
, which occurs in
germ-line
cells
.
Mitosis is part of a cell
cycle
, where cell growth and DNA
replication
occurs during an
interphase
, when chromosomes are extended and not easily visible.
Cell
division
takes place in two steps: nuclear division occurs during
mitosis
and cytoplasmic division occurs during
cytokinesis
.
Cell division is regulated at several
checkpoints
in the cell
cycle
.