chapter 14

Charles Darwin published "The Origin of Species" in 1859, based on his observations on a five-year voyage around the world.
His observations in South America and the Galapagos Islands led Darwin to hypothesize about the origin of species such as finches.
Darwin proposed evolution by natural selection and adaptation to explain the relationships among living organisms.
Evidence for evolution includes:
- The fossil record links modern species to extinct ones through intermediate forms.
- The anatomical record.
  - homologous structures
  - analogous structures ( or convergent evolution )
  - comparative embryology
- The molecular record.
Natural selection changes population phenotypes in 3 ways.