Biolo1100 Chapter 15 How We Name Living Things
  1. Carolus Linnaeus introduced a system of classification, or taxonomy  , for grouping and naming similar organisms in hierarchical categories (taxa).







     
  2. Using standardized scientific   nomenclature avoids confusion that can arise from common   names.

     
  3. Taxonomy should reflect phylogeny  , the evolutionary history of organisms based on descent from a common ancestor  .

     
  4. A group of organisms related by descent is called a clade  ; the evolutionary history of the clade is represented by a cladogram.



     
  5. Current classification groups life into three   domains and six   kingdoms.

     
  6. The two prokaryotic domains do not constitute a clade  : lacking a nucleus is not a shared   character.







     
  7. The prokaryote-like organelles mitochondria   and chloroplasts   were most likely acquired through endosymbiosis  .